New study finds how China controls internet and why it matters

Ira Singh
Khabar Khabaron Ki,03 July’25

A comprehensive new study by ChinaFile, an online magazine published by New York based Asia Society, sheds light on the inner workings of China’s vast internet censorship regime,according to Asia Society finding. Titled The Locknet: How China Controls Its Internet and Why It Matters, the report presents an in-depth look into how China regulates digital information—both domestically and globally—and the implications of its evolving system for the future of the internet worldwide.Authored by Jessica Batke, ChinaFile’s Senior Editor for Investigations, and Laura Edelson, Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Northeastern University, the project combines technical research, interviews with leading experts, and decades of policy tracking. The study dives deep into the mechanics, motivations, and expanding reach of China’s censorship apparatus.

Not Just a Firewall—It’s a Locknet 
Dispelling the simplistic notion of China’s censorship as a mere “Great Firewall,” the authors introduce the concept of the “Locknet”—a complex, multi-layered control system likened to water locks and sluices. This dynamic infrastructure doesn’t just filter foreign content but actively manages what information circulates within China and how.

Among its key findings:
•Censorship mechanisms are becoming more subtle and harder to detect, making it increasingly difficult for Chinese users to recognize when their content is being filtered or suppressed.
•China’s influence is extending beyond its borders. From language models trained on censored data to foreign companies incorporating Chinese digital standards, global internet users may unwittingly be exposed to Beijing’s censorship norms.
•New internet protocols pushed by Chinese tech firms prioritize efficiency at the cost of user privacy,raising alarms about the long-term consequences for freedom of expression—particularly in authoritarian regimes.

 Global Implications 
“The dangers of a censorship system that crosses national borders—and the threats to user privacy that alternative internet standards may bring—must not be underestimated,” the authors warn.Their research emphasizes that what happens in China’s digital sphere can no longer be confined within its national boundaries. The expanding reach of Chinese internet governance threatens to reshape global digital norms, with growing ramifications for transparency, privacy, and civil liberties.The project includes a detailed online resource hub featuring illustrations, a glossary of technical terms, and a breakdown of how censorship tools function both technically and socially. The initiative is supported by funding from the Open Technology Fund (OTF) and the Carnegie Corporation of New York.